What is the material and characteristics of non-woven fabrics |
| Release：2021/8/13 source： author： browse：728次 |
Non woven fabric (English Name: non woven fabric or non woven cloth), also known as non-woven fabric and needle punched cotton, is composed of directional or random fibers. It is called cloth because it has the appearance and some properties of cloth.
Non woven fabrics are moisture-proof, breathable, flexible, light, non combustion supporting, easy to decompose, non-toxic and non irritating, rich in color, low price, recyclable and so on. For example, polypropylene (PP) pellets are mostly used as raw materials, which are produced by continuous one-step production of high-temperature melting, wire spraying, wire laying and hot pressing coiling.
essential information
Chinese Name: non woven fabric
Foreign name: non woven fabric
Alias: nonwoven, nonwoven
Material oriented or random fibers
catalogue
1 features
2 maintenance
3 Purpose
4 Classification
5 difference
6 historical evolution
7 main products
characteristic
Non woven fabrics have no warp and weft threads. They are very convenient for cutting and sewing. They are light and easy to set. They are deeply loved by manual lovers.
Because it is a fabric formed without spinning and weaving, it is only formed by directional or random arrangement of textile short fibers or filaments to form a fiber web structure, and then reinforced by mechanical, thermal bonding or chemical methods.
It is not interwoven and braided by yarns one by one, but the fibers are directly bonded together by physical methods. Therefore, when you get the adhesive scale in your clothes, you will find that you can't pull out thread ends one by one. Nonwovens break through the traditional textile principle, and have the characteristics of short process flow, fast production rate, high output, low cost, wide application and many sources of raw materials.
Relationship between non-woven fabric and spunbonded fabric
Spunbonded fabric and non-woven fabric are subordinate. There are many production processes for the manufacture of non-woven fabrics, among which spunbonded method is one of the non-woven fabric production processes (including spunbonded method, melt blown method, hot rolling method and Spunlaced method. Most of the non-woven fabrics on the market are produced by spunbonded method)
According to the composition, non-woven fabrics include polyester, polypropylene, nylon, spandex, acrylic, etc; Different components will have different non-woven styles. Spunbonded fabrics usually refer to polyester spunbonded and polypropylene spunbonded; The styles of these two kinds of cloth are very similar, which can be distinguished only through high-temperature test.
Non woven fabric is a kind of non-woven fabric, which is a non-woven fabric formed by directly using polymer chips, short fibers or filaments to form a network through air flow or machinery, then through water pricking, needling, or hot rolling reinforcement, and finally after finishing. The new fiber product with soft, breathable and planar structure has the advantages of no fiber chips, strong, durable and silky softness. It is also a kind of reinforcing material, and has the feeling of cotton. Compared with cotton products, non-woven bags are easy to form and cheap.
advantage:
1. Light weight: polypropylene resin is used as the main raw material, with a proportion of only 0.9, only three fifths of that of cotton. It is fluffy and feels good.
2. Soft: it is composed of fine fibers (2-3D) and formed by light spot hot melt bonding. The finished product has moderate softness and comfort.
3. Water drainage and air permeability: polypropylene chips do not absorb water, have zero moisture content, and the finished product has good water drainage. It is composed of 100% fiber, has porosity and good air permeability, and is easy to keep the cloth dry and easy to wash.
4. Non toxic and non irritating: the product is made of food grade raw materials conforming to FDA, does not contain other chemical components, has stable performance, is non-toxic, has no peculiar smell and does not stimulate the skin.
5. Antibacterial and chemical resistant agents: polypropylene is a chemical blunt substance, which is not eaten by insects, and can isolate the erosion of bacteria and insects in the liquid; Antibacterial, alkali corrosion, finished products will not affect the strength due to erosion.
6. Antibacterial property. The product has water pulling property, is not moldy, and can isolate the erosion of bacteria and insects in the liquid, and is not moldy.
7. Good physical properties. It is made of polypropylene spinning, directly laid into a net and thermally bonded. The strength of the product is better than that of general staple fiber products. The strength has no directionality and the longitudinal and transverse strength is similar.
8. In terms of environmental protection, the raw material of most non-woven fabrics used is polypropylene, while the raw material of plastic bags is polyethylene. Although the names of the two substances are similar, they are very different in chemical structure. The chemical molecular structure of polyethylene is very stable and difficult to degrade, so it takes 300 years for plastic bags to decompose; The chemical structure of polypropylene is not firm, the molecular chain can be easily broken, so it can be effectively degraded, and enter the next environmental cycle in a non-toxic form. A non-woven shopping bag can be completely decomposed within 90 days. Moreover, non-woven shopping bags can be reused for more than 10 times, and the pollution to the environment after abandonment is only 10% of that of plastic bags.
Disadvantages:
1) Compared with textile cloth, the strength and durability are poor.
2) It cannot be cleaned like other fabrics.
3) The fibers are arranged in a certain direction, so they are easy to crack at right angles, etc. Therefore, the improvement of production methods mainly focuses on the improvement of preventing division.
maintain
Maintenance of non-woven fabrics: the following points should be paid attention to in the maintenance and collection of non-woven fabrics: 1. Keep them clean and change them frequently to prevent the breeding of moths. 2. When storing in different seasons, it shall be washed, ironed and dried, sealed in plastic bags and placed flat in the wardrobe. Pay attention to shading to prevent fading. Ventilation, dust removal and dehumidification shall be carried out frequently, and exposure shall not be allowed. Mildew proof and moth proof tablets shall be put in the wardrobe to prevent the cashmere products from becoming damp, moldy and infested. 3. When wearing inside, the lining of the matching coat shall be smooth, and hard objects such as pens, key bags and mobile phones shall not be installed in the pocket to avoid local friction and pilling. When wearing out, try to reduce friction with hard objects (such as sofa backrest, armrest and desktop) and hook. The wearing time is not easy to be too long. You must stop wearing or change clothes for about 5 days to restore the elasticity of clothes and avoid fiber fatigue damage. 4. In case of pilling, do not pull it forcibly. Use scissors to cut off the POM, so as not to be irreparable due to off-line.
purpose
Non woven products are colorful, bright, fashionable and environmentally friendly, widely used, beautiful and generous, various patterns and styles, light, environmentally friendly and recyclable. They are internationally recognized as environmental protection products to protect the earth's ecology. It is suitable for agricultural film, shoemaking, tanning, mattress, quilt, decoration, chemical industry, printing, automobile, building materials, furniture and other industries, as well as clothing lining, medical and health disposable surgical clothes, masks, hats, bed sheets, hotel disposable tablecloth, beauty, sauna and even today's fashionable gift bags, boutique bags, shopping bags, advertising bags and so on. Environmental protection products are widely used and economical. Because it looks like a pearl, it is also called pearl canvas.
Non woven fabric is made of chemical fiber and plant fiber on wet or dry paper machine with water or air as suspension medium. Although it is cloth but not woven, it is called non-woven fabric. Non woven fabric is a new generation of environmental protection materials, which has the advantages of good strength, air permeability and waterproof, environmental protection, flexibility, non-toxic and tasteless, and low price. It is a new generation of environmental protection materials, with the characteristics of water repellent, breathable, flexible, non combustion supporting, non-toxic, non irritating, rich color and so on. If the material is placed outdoors and decomposed naturally, its maximum service life is only 90 days. If it is placed indoors and decomposed within 8 years, it is non-toxic and harmless during combustion, so it does not pollute the environment, so environmental protection comes from it.
(1) Medical and sanitary non-woven fabrics: surgical clothes, protective clothing, disinfection bags, masks, diapers, civilian rags, wiping cloth, wet face towel, magic towel, soft towel roll, beauty products, sanitary napkins, sanitary pads, disposable sanitary cloth, etc.
(2) Non woven fabrics for home decoration: wall cloth, tablecloth, bedspread, bedspread, etc.
(3) Non woven fabrics for clothing: lining, adhesive lining, flocs, shaped cotton, various synthetic leather substrates, etc.
(4) Industrial non-woven fabrics; Base material, reinforcing material, polishing material, filter material, insulating material, cement packing bag, geotextile, wrapping cloth, etc. of roof waterproof coiled material and asphalt tile.
(5) Non woven fabrics for agriculture: crop protection cloth, seedling raising cloth, irrigation cloth, thermal insulation curtain, etc.
(6) Other non-woven fabrics: Space cotton, thermal insulation and sound insulation materials, linoleum, smoke filter, tea bag, shoe materials, etc.
Medical and health: surgical clothes, hats, covers, plaster cotton, women's sanitary napkins, baby diapers, wet face towels, sanitary underwear, dust cover.
Agriculture: Harvest cloth, greenhouse cloth.
Industry: floppy disk lining, horn cloth, filter material, speaker sound insulation felt, sealing ring lining, cable cloth, FRP reinforced towel, industrial wiping cloth, shockproof liner, insulating material, tape base lining, pipe base lining, ventilation duct, sand cloth.
Packaging: composite cement bag, luggage lining cloth, packaging base lining, quilt, storage bag, mobile jacquard luggage cloth.
Clothing and shoe making: clothing lining, wadding, toe hard lining, heel lining, underwear, artificial deer skin, synthetic leather, warm shoe lining, cloth shoe sole lining.
Automobile industry: waste textile isolation thermal felt, shockproof felt, roof, cushion lining, carpet, door lining, automobile filter element, formed cushion.
Household clothing: sofa inner cloth, carpet, wall cloth, mirror cleaning cloth, tea bag, vacuum cleaner filter bag, shopping bag, printed bed sheet, entertainment cover, cushion, sleeping bag, dry cleaning cloth, cleaning cloth, curtain, tablecloth, lampshade, Yuteng mat, back film coating.
Civil engineering, architecture: reinforcement, reinforcement, filtration, linoleum bottom cloth, drainage board, roof waterproof material, railway, highway, berm, water slope, port sound insulation, sewer, heat protection, separation and drainage.
Other uses: launch vehicle, missile head anti heat cone, tail nozzle throat lining, advanced banknote printing paper, space shuttle heat resistant tile, map cloth, calendar cloth, artificial cloth, oil painting cloth, etc.
classification
The fibers used in the production of non-woven fabrics are mainly polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET). In addition, there are nylon (PA), viscose fiber, acrylic fiber, ethylene fiber (HDPE) and chlorine fiber (PVC). According to the application requirements, non-woven fabrics are divided into disposable application type and durable type.
According to the production process, it is divided into:
1. Spunlaced non-woven fabric: Spunlaced technology is to spray high-pressure micro water flow onto one or more layers of fiber web to entangle the fibers together, so as to strengthen the fiber web and have a certain strength.
2. Heat bonded non-woven fabric: heat bonded non-woven fabric refers to adding fibrous or powdered hot-melt bonding reinforcement materials to the fiber web, and then heating, melting and cooling the fiber web to form a cloth.
3. Pulp air netting non-woven fabric: air netting non-woven fabric can also be called dust-free paper and dry papermaking non-woven fabric. The utility model adopts the air flow netting technology to loosen the wood pulp fiberboard into a single fiber state, and then uses the air flow method to agglutinate the fibers on the netting curtain, and then the fiber mesh is reinforced into cloth.
4. Wet non-woven fabric: the wet non-woven fabric is to loosen the fiber raw materials placed in the aqueous medium into single fibers, mix different fiber raw materials at the same time, and make the fiber suspension slurry. The suspension slurry is transported to the netting mechanism, and the fibers are netted in the wet state and then reinforced into cloth.
5. Spunbonded non-woven fabric: spunbonded non-woven fabric is that after the polymer has been extruded and stretched to form continuous filaments, the filaments are laid into a network, and the fiber network is transformed into non-woven fabric through self bonding, thermal bonding, chemical bonding or mechanical reinforcement.
6. Melt blown non-woven fabric: the process of melt blown non-woven fabric: polymer feeding - melt extrusion - fiber formation - fiber cooling - Netting - reinforcement into cloth.
7. Needle punched non-woven fabric: needle punched non-woven fabric is a kind of dry non-woven fabric. Needle punched non-woven fabric uses the puncture effect of needle to consolidate the fluffy fiber net into cloth.
8. Sewn non-woven fabric: sewn non-woven fabric is a kind of dry non-woven fabric. Sewn non-woven fabric is made by reinforcing fiber mesh, yarn layer, non-woven materials (such as plastic sheet, plastic thin metal foil, etc.) or their combinations with warp knitted coil structure.
9. Hydrophilic non-woven fabric: it is mainly used in the production of medical and health materials to achieve better hand feel and no skin scratch. Like sanitary napkins and sanitary gaskets, they use the hydrophilic function of hydrophilic non-woven fabrics.
difference
Difference between non-woven fabric and dust-free fabric
Non woven fabric, also known as non-woven fabric, is a new generation of environmental protection materials, which is water repellent, breathable, flexible, non combustion supporting, non-toxic, non irritating, rich in color and so on. If the non-woven fabric is placed outdoors and decomposed naturally, its maximum service life is only 90 days. If it is placed indoors, it will decompose within 5 years. When burning, it is non-toxic, tasteless and free of any residual substances, so it does not pollute the environment and is suitable for washing. It directly uses polymer chips, short fibers or filaments to form new fiber products with soft, breathable and planar structure through various fiber mesh forming methods and consolidation technologies. It has the environmental protection performance that plastic products do not have, and its natural degradation time is far lower than that of plastic bags. Therefore, the non-woven bag made of non-woven fabric is also recognized as the most economical and environmentally friendly shopping bag.
The dust-free cloth is double woven from 100% polyester fiber, with soft surface, easy to wipe the sensitive surface, no fiber removal by friction, good water absorption and cleaning efficiency. The cleaning and packaging of products are completed in the super clean workshop. Optional edge banding of dust-free cloth generally includes: cold cutting, laser edge banding and ultrasonic edge banding. Superfine fiber dust-free cloth is generally perfectly sealed with laser and ultrasonic; Dust free cloth, dust-free wiping cloth, ultra-fine fiber dust-free cloth and ultra-fine fiber wiping cloth adopt 100% continuous polyester fiber double woven cloth, with soft surface, which can be used to wipe sensitive surfaces, low dust production, no fiber removal by friction, good water absorption and cleaning efficiency. It is especially suitable for dust-free purification workshop. The edges of dust-free cloth, dust-free wiping cloth, ultra-fine fiber dust-free cloth and ultra-fine fiber wiping cloth are sealed by the most advanced edge cutting machine, which will not leave particles and thread ends after wiping, and has strong decontamination ability.
Historical evolution
1、 Development of non-woven textile industry
By 1998, the consumption of non-woven fabrics in the world had reached 2.4 million tons. In 1970, its consumption was only 400000 tons, while in 2007, its consumption is expected to reach 4 million tons. The producers of non-woven fabrics are mainly concentrated in the United States (accounting for 41% of the world), Western Europe accounts for 30% and Japan accounts for 8%. China's output accounts for only 3.5% of the world, but its consumption is 17.5% of the world.
Man made fibers still dominate the production of non-woven fabrics, and this situation will not change greatly until 2007. Worldwide, 63% of the fibers used in the production of non-woven fabrics are polypropylene, 23% are polyester, 8% are viscose, 2% are acrylic fiber, 1.5% are polyamide, and the remaining 3% are other fibers.
The application of non-woven fabrics in sanitary absorbent materials, medicine, vehicles and shoe-making textile materials has increased significantly.
2、 Production and consumption of non-woven fabrics
The global consumption of non-woven fabrics was 800000 tons in 1983, increased to 1.1 million tons in 1985 and 1.4 million tons in 1988. By 1998, the global consumption of non-woven fabrics reached 2.4 million tons. It is estimated that by 2005, its consumption can reach 3.7 million tons.
The consumption of man-made fiber for various textiles was 16.9 million tons in 1983, increased to 20.4 million tons in 1988, reached 30.4 million tons in 1998, and is expected to reach 37 million tons in 2005 and 38.3 million tons in 2007.
The consumption growth rate of man-made fiber in non-woven fabric production is expected to reach 10% by 2005 and 10.4% by 2007. The rapid growth of consumption in the non-woven industry is partly due to the increase of auxiliary industries in China, Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East.
3、 Factors affecting the growth rate of non-woven fabrics
All the factors affecting the growth of man-made fiber can more or less affect the textiles with man-made fiber as raw materials, among which the non-woven textiles have the greatest impact. The influence of population growth on non-woven fabrics is smaller than that of other textiles used for clothing.
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